Explore evidence-based medical articles, nutritional advice, and fitness tips authored by accredited doctors and healthcare experts.
Curd and other fermented foods can add beneficial microbes and nutrients, but effects differ by product and they do not replace fibre, variety or medical treatment.
Fermentation can preserve foods and create useful microbes, but poor hygiene, unsafe water, incorrect storage or visible spoilage can cause foodborne illness.
People with diabetes usually do not need to avoid all fruit; whole fruit contains fibre and is generally preferable to juice or sweetened fruit drinks.
Nuts and seeds provide unsaturated fats, plant protein, fibre and minerals, but they are calorie-dense and sweetened or heavily salted versions can reduce their benefit.
High sodium intake can raise blood pressure in many people, and a large share may come from packaged foods, pickles, sauces, snacks and restaurant meals rather than the salt shaker alone.
Added sugar can increase calorie intake without much satiety and is common in sweet drinks, desserts, packaged snacks, breakfast cereals and flavoured dairy products.
Many ultra-processed foods are easy to overeat because they combine refined starch, fat, sugar or salt with low satiety, though not every packaged food is automatically unhealthy.
Food labels are most useful when you compare serving size, energy, protein, fibre, sugar, sodium and ingredient order rather than judging a product by front-of-pack marketing.
Caffeine can improve alertness, but sensitivity varies and late or excessive intake can worsen sleep, anxiety, palpitations and reflux.
Most everyday hydration can come from water and food, while electrolyte solutions are more useful with significant fluid loss from diarrhea, vomiting or prolonged heavy sweating.
Intermittent fasting can help some people reduce energy intake, but it is not automatically superior to other sustainable eating patterns and may not suit everyone.
Long-term weight loss depends on an energy deficit that can actually be sustained, while sleep, medications, stress, food environment and medical conditions influence results.
Healthy weight gain focuses on gradual calorie increase, adequate protein and resistance training rather than simply eating more fried or sugary foods.
Older adults may eat less because of reduced appetite, dental problems, medicines, illness or social isolation while still needing adequate protein, fluids and micronutrients.
Food poisoning can result from contaminated raw foods, unsafe water, poor hand hygiene, inadequate cooking or leaving perishable foods at unsafe temperatures.
Home blood pressure readings can be useful when measured with a validated upper-arm device, correct cuff size and a consistent resting technique.
Prediabetes means glucose is above the healthy range but not yet in the diabetes range, and it signals higher future risk that can often be reduced through lifestyle change and weight management when relevant.
Metabolic fatty liver is closely linked with excess weight, insulin resistance, diabetes and abnormal lipids, while alcohol and some medicines can also affect the liver.
Fatigue, weight change, hair loss and mood symptoms are common but not specific to thyroid disease, so laboratory testing and clinical context matter.
Anemia can result from iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, blood loss, kidney disease, inflammation, inherited blood disorders and other causes.
Asthma treatment often uses different inhalers for long-term inflammation control and quick symptom relief, and poor technique can make an effective medicine seem ineffective.
Allergies and viral colds can both cause sneezing and a runny nose, but itchy eyes, repeated seasonal patterns and no fever favor allergy, while sore throat, aches and short duration often fit a viral infection.
Acid reflux can cause burning behind the chest bone, sour taste, throat irritation or cough, and symptoms are often influenced by meal size, timing, body weight and individual foods.
Constipation can involve infrequent stools, hard stools, straining or incomplete emptying and may be affected by low fibre, dehydration, inactivity, medicines or pelvic-floor problems.
Most short episodes of diarrhea improve with hydration, but dehydration can become dangerous, especially in children, older adults and people with chronic illness.
Kidney stones have different compositions, but low fluid intake and high sodium are common modifiable factors, while dietary advice should match stone type and medical history.
Urinary frequency or burning can come from infection, high fluid or caffeine intake, diabetes, prostate enlargement, bladder irritation or other causes.
Most headaches are not dangerous, but sudden severe onset, neurological symptoms, fever, head injury or a major change from usual pattern can indicate a serious cause.
Long periods in one posture can overload neck and upper-back muscles, but screen posture is only one factor and pain is often improved by movement variety and gradual strengthening.
Knee pain can arise from osteoarthritis, tendon overload, patellofemoral pain, injury and other causes, and many cases improve with graded activity rather than complete rest.
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