General Overview
Phenytoin is a primary antiepileptic drug with non-linear pharmacokinetics, meaning small changes in dosage can result in disproportionately large changes in blood levels.
Medicine Information
Phenytoin
Phenytoin
Prescription required
Antiepileptic
Medicine Safety Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Do not start, stop, or change any medicine without consulting a qualified doctor or pharmacist. In case of overdose, severe allergic reaction, breathing difficulty, swelling of the face/lips, unconsciousness, or severe side effects, seek emergency medical help immediately.
Composition
Phenytoin Sodium IP
Strength
50 mg / 100 mg
Medicine Type
Tablet / Capsule / Injection
Brand Names
Eptoin
Dilantin
Reported Uses
Used for tonic-clonic seizures, psychomotor seizures, and prevention of seizures during or after neurosurgery.
General Characteristics
Provides long-term seizure control. Available in multiple oral and IV forms.
General Mechanism of Action
Stabilizes neuronal membranes by promoting sodium efflux from neurons, limiting the spread of seizure activity.
Storage Guidelines
Store at room temperature below 25°C. Keep container tightly closed.
General Educational Notes
Brand switching can lead to seizure relapse or toxicity. Always stick to the same brand prescribed by your neurologist.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does Phenytoin affect the gums?
Phenytoin stimulates the overgrowth of gum tissue (gingival hyperplasia) in up to 50% of patients. Excellent oral hygiene and regular dental cleanings help manage this.
What is the therapeutic blood level of Phenytoin?
The target therapeutic range for total phenytoin in the blood is 10 to 20 mcg/mL. Levels above 20 mcg/mL often cause side effects like nystagmus and ataxia.